Causes:
- Herniated or bulging discs
- Muscle or ligament strain
- Osteochondrosis or arthritis
- Prolonged sitting or poor posture
- Cold exposure or stress
Symptoms:
- Sudden or gradual pain in lower back
- Increased pain during movement or bending
- Stiffness and difficulty standing up
- Pain may radiate to legs
Diagnosis:
- Neurological examination
- X-ray, MRI or ultrasound
- Reflex and motor function testing
Treatment:
- Anti-inflammatory and pain medications
- Physiotherapy (heat, TENS, ultrasound)
- Stretching and strengthening exercises
- Massage and spinal decompression
- Posture training and ergonomics